Annual Ryegrass Cover Crop

Annual Ryegrass Cover Crop

Annual ryegrass is a very popular cover crop in parts of the Midwest. It is fast establishing, provides excellent weed suppression, can be grazed, and can help reduce nematode populations. There are three annual ryegrasses we recommend for cover crops:

• Ed Diploid Annual Ryegrass as well offer common diploid annual ryegrass. Ed has shown excellent cold tolerance and excellent yields. Ed is available in both Certified and Uncertified seed.
• Marshall Diploid Annual Ryegrass. Marshall is well known for having excellent cold tolerance.
• Jackson Diploid Annual Ryegrass. Jackson has shown itself to be an early yielder and very quick to establish.

Ed's Winter Survivability (%)
Scottsbluff, NE

Variety	'03-'04	'04-'05	'05-'06
Highest Score	97.0%	100%	100%
Ed	78.6%	97.5%	95%
Lowest Score	16.2%	71.3%	13%

Contact us for more information on how you can purchase these varieties.

Annual Ryegrass Planting Guide

There are many method’s used to plant Annual Ryegrass for a cover crop. The most common would be no-till drilling following harvest. This is probably the most dependable way to seed any annual ryegrass. There are some limitations to drilling. Timing is the biggest factor. If the previous crop is late coming off there might not be time in the fall to get good growth. This has led to other methods being used such as aerial seeding. Aerial seeding is a good option for seeding a lot of acres in a short amount of time. Seed should be applied before leaf drop. The seed will germinate, even in the shade, if enough moisture is provided. Other options include broadcasting then harrowing, slurry seeding and dormant seeding.

Seeding Rate: Plant Annual Ryegrass between 12-20lbs per acre if using a drill. When broadcasting or seeding late (October) increase that to 20-25lbs per acre to ensure good stand development. An increase to 25-30lbs per acre is recommended if aerial seeding or dormant seeding.

Management is key when using annual ryegrass as a cover crop. If possible spray any winter annuals present at seeding time. Fall nitrogen is also beneficial for fall growth. It is important to remember not to let the annual ryegrass head out. This will prevent it from becoming a weed. Remember timing is critical for spring burndown. Annual Ryegrass is easily controlled using proper management. Killing before joint stage is very important. Occasionally a second burndown application will be needed to ensure a good kill.

Coated annual ryegrass is also an option to consider, especially for aerial seeding. The coating improves ballistics, better seed-to-soil contact, and increases moisture wicking of the seed. Coated seed can help ensure a more even germination over the whole field. Read the Advantages of Coated Grasses and Legume Seed for Cover Crops to learn why coating and proper inoculation can help ensure successful cover cropping.

More Annual Ryegrass Cover Crop Resources

Oregon Grown Annual Ryegrass - An extensive site showing the benefits of using annual ryegrass for cover cropping. Full of helpful resources on how to establish and use annual ryegrass in a cover crop situation as well.

9 Things to Know About Annual Ryegrass - A quick list that No-till Farmer magazine put on their website. *Note the #3 item was "Select a winter-hardy variety."

U of Il. Annual Ryegrass Root Growth
S. IL (Ralph Upton Farm), 2005-08

Variety	3-yr Mean (in inches)
Saddle Butte	26.4
Saddle Pro	24.4
MARSHALL	24.1
Soil Builder	24.1
Flying A	21.4
Bounty	24.1
Ribeye	23.4
Florina	22.8
Passerel + (2yrs)	20.4
Bartissimo	21.1
JACKSON (2yrs)	19.1
Tam 90	19.2
Angus 1	18.9
Gulf	16.9
Fantastic (1yr)	11.0
lsd 0.05	6.6
lsd 0.10	5.5
*varieties statistically equal at lsd of 0.05
complete trial results

U of Il. Winter Hardiness
S. IL (Ralph Upton Farm), 2005-2008

Variety	2006 Stand	2007 Stand	2008 Stand	3-yr Mean
King	81.3*	71.7*	83.3*	78.8*
Bounty	82.3*	81.7*	65.7	76.6*
Saddle Pro	74.3	66.7	61.7	67.5*
MARSHALL	77.3*	60.0	65.0	67.4*
JACKSON	-	63.3	67.7	65.5*
Soil Builder	86.0*	59.3	49.0	64.8*
Saddle Butte	59.0	66.7	61.7	62.4*
Passerel +	-	58.3	60.0	59.2*
Ribeye	74.3	48.3	41.7	54.8
Tam 90	57.7	36.7	58.3	50.9
Bartissimo	82.0*	21.7	45.0	49.6
Florina	41.0	50.0	53.3	48.1
Gulf	88.3*	2.0	40.0	43.4
Flying A	70.0	17.7	36.7	41.4
Fantastic	-	28.3	-	28.3
Angus 1	65.0	5.7	36.0	35.6
lsd 0.05	12.8	13.5	13.0	21.7
lsd 0.10	10.6	11.3	10.8	18.0
*varieties statistically equal at lsd of .05
complete trial results